Chemistry

=Chemistry=

Nucleic Acid

 * Genome is not segmented
 * Genome is infectious
 * Contains a single molecule of linear positive-sense single-stranded RNA
 * 25000-33000 nucleotides long for the complete genome
 * 5' end of the genome has a methylated nucleotide cap, or genome-linked protein (VPg)
 * All subgenomic mRNAs have the same 3' end, followed by a poly (A) tail

Proteins

 * Protein || Name || Function || Notes ||
 * S || spike protein || * monoclonal antibodies can neutralize virus infectivity
 * S binds to cellular receptors (like ACE2 for SARS-CoV)
 * induces fusion of the viral envelope with host cell membranes (sometimes cell-cell fusion in the absence of a specific receptor) || * mutations in the S1 subdomain of the S glycoprotein have been associated with altered antigenicity and pathogenicity of the virus ||
 * HE || hemagglutinin-etherase protein || * binds to 9-O-acetylated neuraminic acid
 * cause hemagglutination
 * may be involved with virus entry/release from cells || * short spikes present only on some coronaviruses ||
 * M || transmembrane protein || * helps in the attachment of the nucleocapsid to the membranes of internal structures
 * fills the role of the matrix protein in other viruses
 * spans the bilipid layer three times
 * [|monoclonal antibodies] made against M can neutralize viral infectivity
 * plays a role in virus assembly
 * interacts with N and S
 * involved in viral RNA packaging || * not found on plasma membrane of cell (unlike the other glycoproteins) ||
 * E || envelope protein || * required for budding ||  ||
 * N || nucleocapsid protein || * associates with RNA to form nucleocapsid; The nucleocapsid protein binds to the genomic RNA via the leader sequence and to the M protein on the inner surface of the viral membrane ||  ||



Lipids

 * Located in the envelope, the lipid bilayer

Carbohydrates

 * Present as glycoproteins

([|source]), ([|source]), ([|source]) __Sources__- Bloom, David C. //et al//. (2008). Third Edition. //Basic Virology//. Blackwell Publishing.

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